Unit III Assessment Training and Development Essay

Unit III Assessment Training and Development - Essay Example does not require interaction would be done in a specialized room like a computer room with software support or even at home with a personal computer. The site has to be fit the size of the training group and allow the trainer to create closeness with the trainees. The training rooms themselves would be free of noise, suitably lit with dimmers if required. The acoustics, electrical fittings anti-glare and color of the walls would be considered (Noe, (2010)). The training site would have only the required furniture any items or furniture not required would be cleared. The training site would be clean neat and tidy with minimum distractions. A suitable seating arrangement suitable for the kind of training would be considered. Trainers to be considered would be professionals from within or without the company. The trainers will have mastery of the content. When internal trainers are to be considered they would need to be certified as effective trainers. The trainers must have a good understanding of the business operations and will employ applicable work relatedexamples in training as opposed to abstracts or theory. External trainers are usually expensive this will be a considered too when choosing trainers. Question 2: Explain how practice helps learning. Give examples of how this has helped you. Practice reinforces training it is a method of learning and getting experience, it is the active part of training that allows trainees to explore, experiment and experience the training content. Practice allows the trainee to try out and be comfortable using newly acquiredskills this aids learning by increasing the retention period of the learnt skill or knowledge. Practice affords the trainee an opportunity to make errors and learn from them during training. A well known fact is that humans learn best from their mistakes practice also enhances job performance as errors can be foreseen and avoided. During practice trainees may discover and learn new training content

Past market failure and present development of Marks and Spencer in Essay

Past market failure and present development of Marks and Spencer in internationalization - Essay Example The promotional strategies in UK were not successful as the company was implementing strategies which were old fashioned and outdated. Instead, the company decided on using celebrity endorsement strategies using big celebrities such as Elizabeth Jagger, Twiggy, Danii Minogue, Laura Bailey etc, to target UK customers (Hackley, 2009). Looking at the present promotional strategies, the company thought that celebrity endorsement will be the best strategy for creating positive brand equity. Since most of the products of the retail chain are perceived to be of high quality and sourced in an ethical manner, the pricing strategy for grocery products has been placed above average (Alon, 2006). The target management strategy which M&S has been following is to be in line with luxury brands such as John Lewis, Bhs, Debenhams and Next. However, apparel pricing is lower than rest of the brands as the retail chain wants its products to be affordable (Kotabe and Helsen, 2001). Distribution strategie s are planned so that products are able to reach target customers through the most efficient channel. Most of the distribution channels are backed by wholesalers, retailers, online sales, forwarding and customs clearing agent, sales executives from the company etc (Zhao, Niu and Castillo, 2010). The objective is to increase the overall customer reach. Therefore location has been the key priority for M&S while establishing its base in any foreign country. In most of the foreign countries, M&S have chosen those geographical locations which are near to the major trading areas as well as attract local customers from the surroundings (Fernie, 1992). Most of the company stores are located... Even though Marks and Spencer has been able to retain its position as a pioneer in retail products, it is no surprise that the company needs new strategies, media channels and distribution plans in order to establish itself as the most preferred one-stop retail store. New formats of the model retail will have to be developed in order to revive its positioning in the international market. Marks and Spencer has always been known for its knowledge of exact customer demands. They have always been a customer friendly organisation. Thus the first step for the retail chain will be to retain this place. In order to do this the company will have to arrange a comprehensive data base of customers in the country where the company has established its base. This can be achieved through a number of sources such as national geo-demographics, panels specialising in industry details such as fashion and national lifestyle lists. The company can also use details from its active accounts which are more t han 4 million in number as of now. Once the company gets sufficient information from the database, the next target will be to attract these customers. In order to do this customer can be divided into specific target segments according to age, demographics, gender and lifestyle etc. For example, to target women the company can hire local product designers who will be responsible for designing popular and largely accepted clothing range. The company can also cross-merchandise various ranges and spread offers across various relevant channels. Point of sale displays and advertisements can also be created in order to attract this specific segment. Customer feedback is another strategy which can be very helpful in making effective marketing and management strategies

Woody Holton Theory Analysis

Woody Holton Theory Analysis Woody Holton is an Associate Professor of History at the University of Richmond in Virginia and is a member of the Richmond Research Institute. He has published three award-winning books: Abigail Adams (2009), a Bancroft Prize winner, Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution (2007), a finalist for the National Book Award; and Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (1999) winner of the Organization of American Historians Merle Curti award for social history. In 2006, the OAH named Holton one of its Distinguished Lecturers.[1] In his book, Unruly Americans, Holton endeavors to revive Beards arguments in An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution that our Constitution was created to protect the interests of a small group of wealthy farmers and creditors over those of small farmers and debtors. However, Holton shifts the focus from the wealthy few to the ordinary people who opposed the concept of a strong centralized government. Holton sides with Beard that the principal purpose of our Founding Fathers was not to safeguard civil liberties but to protect their own financial interests. (xi) The author contends that the arguments and efforts of ordinary farmers who maintained that the post-Revolutionary recession could have been ended without making the United States a less democratic country that resulted from the Constitution. (17) We are indebted to these farmers for insisting the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution. Holton argues that these amendments directly contradict the Framers antidemocratic intent. (277) He goes on to state that besides initiating the Bill of Rights, the tax rebels with no rebellions, there would have been less tax and debt relief legislation, and without relief, there would have been much less need for a powerful new national government. (277) According to the author, few supporters of tax relief wanted to repudiate debts, but in at least nine states they suggested to discriminate, treating the original recipients of bonds differently from those who had purchased them on the open market. (55) The rigorous tax and debt collection had prevented Americans from realizing their full potential as laborers. (101) Holton shows that tax burdens for ordinary Americans were three or four times higher than colonial levels which made them question whether they had been better off under British rule. (29) The author relies on newspapers, pamphlets, and political tracts to prove his thesis. He depicts the conflict between the debtors struggling to regain their economic footing after the Revolutionary War while Congress encourages the state governments to increasingly impose new taxes upon them. Holton describes the contributions of previously unknown individuals such as Herman Husband, a North Carolina farmer, and William Mathews, a Massachusetts tavern keeper. He also mentions Adonijah Mathews who owned a tavern in Virginia. Their inclusion allows him to go beyond the leading Anti-Federalists. (274) Meanwhile, states struggled to compensate the bondholders who loaned them money, Congress battled to pay off the commutation certificates of former officers in the war, and debtors and creditors clashed over whether paper money should be used to satisfy outstanding taxes and debts. Holton argues that because state governments failed to maintain order and fulfil their obligations, reformers decided to meld those thirteen sovereignties together and launch and empire of their own. (3) He states, the democrats unconsciously initiated a powerful reactionary movement as bondholders and creditors attempted to put the democratic genie back into the bottle. (5) According to Holton, James Madison and others accused that state representatives had shown excessive indulgence to debtors and taxpayers. They had refused to force farmers to pay what they owed. (8) The argument from the debtor side was that thousands of other Americans contended that the remedy for the recession was not to press harder on taxpayers and debtors, but to ease up on them. (100) Holton contends that the Framers of our Constitution saw disproportionate democracy as the root of tax leniency which obstructed bondholders and thwarted investment. Holton argues that the need to reign in the states weighed far more heavily upon the convention than the motive that has received the most attention from later generations of Americans, strengthening the Confederation. (182) While this reviewer appreciates Holtons arguments on behalf of the ordinary Americans, this book is very repetitive. Some points such as the perspective of farmers on democratic government and the influence of bondholders on the creation of the Constitution are stated multiple times. His mention his intent is to focus on individuals such as Adonijah Mathews, yet he tends to go off on a rant about our Founders such as James Madison. Mathews and Husband received but a few pages of reference in the index, but Madison has eighty-three pages listed under his name. This seems to flip Holtons assertions that his book is about ordinary Americans rather than about the Founding Fathers. Holton also impedes his own arguments when he states that although bond speculators were among the Constitutions most enthusiastic supportersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is also clear that thousands of Americansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦supported federal taxation not because they owned bonds-many did not-but for other, more public-spirited reasons. (215) Holton further contends that Some of the most avid supporters of the Constitution were not creditors but debtors. (230) Therefore, his own arguments contradict Holtons conclusions that the adoption of the Constitution was largely the result of class conflict in the fledgling nation between the haves and the have-nots. [1] Simon and Schuster, Woody Holton http://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Woody-Holton/44139211

Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop :: Willa Cather Death Comes for the Archbishop

Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop - A Powerful Non-Novel Responding to the criticism that Death Comes for the Archbishop is not a novel, Willa Cather proposed that the work was a narrative. Her choice of the word narrative signifies that the structure of Death Comes for the Archbishop is closer to that of a biography. A narrative is a type of composition used to recount events over a period of time and can incorporate description as well plot, but it does not necessarily have to. Death Comes for the Archbishop follows the guidelines of a narrative in that it recounts the events of Father Latour's life, beginning when he is appointed to New Mexico and ending with his death. Cather incorporates description into her narration, but does not offer dramatic plot structure. A novel utilizes the elements of narration, specifically including description and plot. Novels also incorporate a climax to the story along with denouement. Plot is unfolded by the actions, speech and thoughts of a character. It is these actions that lead to the climax and the resolution of the story. Based upon the guidelines used to classify a novel, Death Comes for the Archbishop does not meet the requirements and is therefore not a novel. Her work tells a story, but does not offer plot, climax or resolution. The events that are recounted in Cather's work do not build upon each other in order to offer a climax. Each event is no more significant than the one before it; for example, Cather places just as much emphasis on Latour's relationship with Olivares as he does with helping Sade pray (p 175, 213). While the events themselves do not add up to create the dramatic plot structure necessary to call Death Comes for the Archbishop a novel, each individual event experienced by Latour, is in itself a story that includes both climax and resolution. An example of this is Father Latour's death. It begins with him getting sick and living his last days, building up to his final moments and culminating in his death. The resolution to this individual event is the bell tolling and Latour being placed in the church he built. Each event in Latour's life does have plot and resolution, creating difficulty in not calling it a novel. However, if the work is examined as a whole piece, from beginning to end, it is evident that while it fits the boundaries of narration, it does not meet the qualifications of a novel.

Problems Faced by Women in the 1880s

During the 1880s, many women faced difficulties because of gender issues. Because of this, females were sometimes described as weak, emotional, and overreacting. As well, it was believed that they did not match the same qualifications as with men in certain work fields. Women who were hired as hired girls back in the 1880s had little control over their earnings. They also believed that their employer would take care of them and would not hurt them. But due to the disadvantages that they had and what they believed in, the employers often took these weaknesses for granted and benefited from them. These women often faced the danger of sexual harassment by their male employer and/or by other brutal men because of their weaknesses such as: they could not disrespect their bosses and they did not have the strength to fight back. Women, at that time, did not have much opportunity to pursue a higher education, which caused a lack of qualified female workers during the 1880s. Most of the women were hired as servants, farmers, or factory workers. In contrast, married women took care of their families and served their husbands. Indeed, women had faced many difficulties since that time because of their gender disadvantages. My Antonia showed many situations that girls were often used as tools by the people in their work fields. Moreover, women workers back in the 1880s did not have the same amount of wages as men did even when they performed the same duties. The women who had jobs did not have the chance to enjoy their earnings because they had to send it to their families in order to help with the family expenses. They had to keep very little for their own living. The same was true with the married women who became housewives just to serve their husbands while raising and taking care of their children because their earnings also went to their husbands and children. In My Antonia, Antonia was taken advantage of by Ambrosch because he took her wages and Antonia could not do anything about it because he was her boss. Lena also did not have the authority over her wages because she had to provide the financial support to her family. Neither of the girls had control over their earnings, and had no power to spend the earnings for their own needs. Among all of the risks that women had faced during the 1880s, the most challenging was sexual harassment. This easily occurred because women were physically weak to resist the advances of their bosses, coworkers, or even husbands. Women back in the 1880s can be simply raped and sexually harassed at all places including the farm, factory, or even at home. The sexual harassments often resulted in favoring the suspects, and blaming the victims for their â€Å"misconducts† that had caused the unlucky event. For example, in My Antonia, Antonia almost became a rape victim when she was approached by her boss, Mr. Cutter, who was going to sexually abuse her. And in another case, Antonia was fired due to her â€Å"misconducts† while dancing and parting, which attracted the men in the parties. These showed that there were really aspects that were against womens' behavior and social order. Willa Cather compared the condition of being raped as being â€Å"ruined. † Comparing the working conditions and social issues that were addressed in the 1880s to the present, there are changes but it had not been completely solved. Nowadays, we have more legal documentary that protects women against hostility from unnecessary forces. Nevertheless, it is still common that women are viewed to be weak and sexual harassment issues still appears to be common. Also, gender discrimination still exists today.

The Clinton administration

In a more modern sense, the conflicts in Bosnia, Somalia, and Rwanda were liberal efforts to assist the U. N. in maintaining humanitarian ideals throughout the globe. The Clinton administration could not gain support for these efforts from Congress, which showed that we had a liberal leader at the helm of a realist Congress. Today, the need for international cooperation is greater than ever. Global borders, once so vital, have eroded to the point that they are no longer visible to any but the most redoubtable warmongers.In an era where one can contact Bora Bora in an instant, the necessity of communication and understanding is greater than ever. It is true that human nature will not change; what we can change is the manner in which we deal with it. Many people argue that the United Nations is an impotent organization whose time has passed. Others debate that the U. N. is the only forum in which the smaller nations of the world have a voice. Unfortunately, both views are correct. For instance, in the case of Bosnia, Serbian soldiers seized 350 UN peacekeepers as hostages.The United States was forced to intervene in August of 1995. By November of 1995 the nations of Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia arranged to sit down and discuss the matter, and by the 21st of that month an agreement was signed (Mingst 121). In this instance, then, the UN was powerless and had to look once more to the U. S. to provide international leadership. Realists quote this episode as the strongest example of their belief in the importance of military leadership. For the American public, too, military leadership is palatable, but only if the conflict is brief.Other organizations, such as the ICC, or International Criminal Court, are of more recent origin. While it is not a new idea to punish nations in retaliation for war crimes, using an international forum in which to do so is an idea founded after the conflicts in Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The ICC covers a very specific group of crimes and seek s to penalize the individuals responsible. The dictates that the ICC covers are genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. The ICC should help to avoid extradition issues in that the ICC has absolute jurisdiction over these aspects of international law.It will also serve as a sounding board for enforcing individual and national accountability (Mingst 190). In order to comprehend the effectiveness of international organizations, one must first analyze how liberals and realists view them. Realists are basically state-centered; that is, they believe that states only act to preserve their own self-interests. While they acknowledge that international law has a place in preserving order and the status quo, they also feel that states only comply with international laws because it serves their self-interests to do so (Mingst 191).Order brings benefits; therefore states should comply with imposed order to reap these benefits. For example, it behooves states to f ollow the dictums of maritime law and not invade foreign waters. Conflicts can be costly on an economic, psychological, and military level; therefore, most states abide by international laws to avoid reaping these costs. As for international organizations such as the UN, realists are skeptical. They feel that most of these organizations have more weaknesses than strengths. They aver that the UN has proven unproductive and ineffective.An example of this might be the failure of the UN to enforce the 2003 resolutions against Iraq. In this manner, they claim, international law will only stand to reinforce the powerful states, because the dominant states are the only ones with the means to bring such causes to fruition. The realist belief system is essentially anarchic—they believe that states only cooperate with one another because it is in their self-interests to do so. If they choose to disregard the strictures of international law, they will also do so, particularly if the law in question directly affects their economic or military wellbeing.Realists believe that international organizations and NGOs are completely useless in that they have no means of enforcing their dictums. They cite as examples the failure of the UN during the civil war in Yugoslavia. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the nation of Yugoslavia had no effective arbiter, i. e. the U. S. S. R. , to mediate disputes. Yugoslavia had major fault lines within the country: religious, political, cultural, and historical (Mingst 204). The conflicts that resulted after Russia could no longer control the nation were so ferocious that the world was appalled.Serbian leaders tried to maintain unity in the face of strong opposition from separatist movements from the Slovenian, Croatian, and Bosnia-Herzegovinian nations. Several countries jumped into the fray, supporting one cause or another, but this only served to make the situation worse and emphasized the ideals of Yugoslavia as a divided nation. Both the EU and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) tried to start negotiations, but none could come to a successful conclusion. Fighting broke out among the warring factions in the meantime.At this point, the UN got involved to try to deliver humanitarian aid and establish a peacekeeping force. In the end, no international arbiter was able to settle the conflict, and Yugoslavia ultimately ended in the division of the country into four separate nations: Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Slovenia. In this manner, then, realists assert that this was the ultimate failure of international organizations versus the self-interests of states. The liberal view on international organizations is that human beings will ultimately follow the ideals of right.Therefore, they follow international law because it is morally just to do so. In the liberal mind, all states will benefit from doing what is right and moral, and international organizations represent t he ultimate culmination of this goal of international cooperation. States have general expectations about other states’ behavior (Mingst 190). In a system of mutual cooperation and respect, liberals argue, the system of international law will succeed. They do agree with the realists on one point: the system only works if powerful states become involved.A request for aid or a diplomatic protest from a small or weak nation will most likely be ignored unless the vulnerable nation has a powerful ally. On the plus side of this argument, this type of international hegemony is precisely why treaty organizations and international courts function so well—they keep the large powers in check while protecting the interests of the smaller states. Thus it befits all nations to cooperate on an international level. The United States is not the only party to blame, however. The only nations who seem to take the U. N.completely seriously are the ones who have the least power to affect c hange. The United Nations needs to act more quickly and definitively and not leave the burden of responsibility on the U. S. While our role as the defenders of freedom is one which we have embraced readily in the past, it is not viable for the future. The U. N. and the WTO need to impose harsher penalties for those nations that fail to meet international laws, and the ICC needs more power to punish wrongdoers. In short, we need to stop being an anarchic collection of deviant nations and come together to fight for humanity.This solution sounds simplistic, and is one which we may never realize within our lifetime. It is not an impossible solution, however. The EU was a pipe dream for years. Many of the European nations had resentments and issues that dated back for hundreds of years. What we and the international organizations can do is this: we can find a sustainable global economy and we can find viable solutions to issues that concern all of us. We can review the U. N. Charter and eliminate all outdated and useless language.If this does not work, perhaps forming a new organization might be the key. We could take responsibility for nuclear weapons and finally make a definitive decision concerning their use and misuse. The easiest way to maintain global stability from terrorism would be to create a permanent U. N. army, with all nations represented. The U. N. would then have the military might to go beyond its peacekeeping duties but would be able to stop conflicts before they escalated. Ratification and acknowledgement of the ICC would also be a positive change (simpol. org).If all nations knew that tyrants and terrorists would be punished accordingly and brought to justice it might eliminate the temptation to hide these criminals. John Bunzi of the International Simultaneous Policy Organization believes that these solutions are possible. As he writes, â€Å"The Simultaneous Policy is a peaceful political strategy to democratically drive all the world’ s nations to apply global solutions to global problems, including combating global warming and environmental destruction, regulating economic globalization for the good of all, and delivering social justice, peace and security, and sustainable prosperity† (simpol.org). The relevance to me as the reviewer is that the article allows me to infer my own ideas of human performance and how it can relate to my own business practices. The vacuum system is used too often in organizations and the needs and dilemmas of certain business training, and practices comes into full view as felonious when I read the article. In the article, it mentions that there are positive and negative consequences in the feedback level. If a worker is performing at the top of his or her ability then the company’s response is more work, which they conclude is a positive feedback.Instead of continual delivery of on-time projects, because the worker is being laden with work they stop performing so well b ecause they see that their co-workers are getting paid the same amount as them, but without the extra work. So, the dilemma is that the organization might view certain types of feedback as positive while the worker sees it as negative and thus the feedback affects the performance of their work. I have seen this played out many times in my own business relationships.It shows me that a clear line of communication in the human performance system is integral to the performance of the entire organization. Without clear communication the faults in an organization remain unaddressed in certain training programs and as the authors state, the company does not always know what is ‘broken’, to what extent, what area is at fault (human performance? ), how the performance is lacking in output, and what activity is causing the deficiency. Each of these areas, in my experience, is typically ignored in the business world.No one wants to be assigned blame; so general maneuvers such as t raining programs are instilled as answers to what is wrong, when in fact what is wrong might not even be known. To further examine the tenacity of the aforementioned groups that provided succor to Bosnia certain questions should be research. The first question that needs to be asked is the cons of having an organization come into a country without having full knowledge of the situation; in the case of Bosnia however it was with the media that the world became aware of the genocide and thus, under the strict rules of advocating for human rights, the United States had to step in.In some instances, the predicted behavior or reaction an institute exhibits in a chaotic environment isn’t calculable; this is witnessed repeatedly in the Bosnia conflict as no one organization stepped into the situation of Bosnia until after genocide and after destruction; the political world knew what was about to occur in this realm of the disintegrating Yugoslavian countryside, no political party or nation took responsibility and helped Bosnia. The human capacity for enduring extreme environments is astounding.In the case of Bosnia however, a far less serious outcome may be become of the situation had prescience been used. Even if every level of organization is cooperative to the output deliverance of the institute, the reliance of that output depends on the human element, and that element must not be regarded as capable of extreme high performance of extreme low performance. Thus, when Bosnia effectively asked for help from Europe and the United States they did not expect either to say ‘no’.Questions that should also be raised alongside the general ones presented in this paper in regards to the way in which national organizations have decided to deal with the Bosnia conflict are the benefits the people receive after being released from refugee camps or concentration camps: where will the people go? Who will help them? Each of these questions is relevant when cons idering human endurance in any capacity. The lack of, or the involvement of, these questions can deter a person from achieving their home or even of a company of maintaining in the person the belief that aid came when there was some to offer.In human performance, though the macrocosm is important, there should also be a high degree of microcosm involved in the international environment if the question is about raising acknowledgment in all levels of political policies, and maintaining that performance. Research at this level should yield supporting data to human endurance and further state the fallacy in the vacuum system where communications are lost such as when does Bosnia need help, should they be helped, etc.?Institutions such as NATO and the UN do not work to their highest quality in a vacuum. A vacuum isolates the institute from the people who need their help. In a vacuum setting the assumption of progress being made is linked to training input without any direction to what i s fundamentally wrong with performance. If the organization doesn’t know what is wrong and tries to fix it, then nothing seriously is being accomplished. Also, if the international organization does have a downfall, then to what extent is that downfall hindering performance?An alternative to this vacuum procedure of dealing with pitfalls in the international environment is to view country in need of aid as a priority. There are five points in the performance system when it comes to international politics and state agendas, they are: the institute, input, output, consequence, and feedback. At each level there is an interdependent relationship that allows for a well performing organization. Since the relationships are dependent on each other for high performance the organization must be adaptive.In this adaptive system there are three levels: organization level, process level, and the individual level. To improve an organization and to steer clear from the vacuum effect, an org anization must consider that within the society these levels, and improving performance, depend on whether or not on each level’s problems are being addressed and this begins with the question, it what ways have the international organizations failed? The main strength of the international organization lies in its ability to dissect and expound the idea of fast performance when a country is in need of such swiftness.The organizations, especially the UN exude well thought out plans and deliver the idea of human rights being their number one priority as can be witnessed in their involvement with Bosnia during the crisis years. There are six variables by which the UN, NATO, etc must measure themselves, they are; performance specifications, task interference, consequences, feedback, knowledge/skill, and individual capacity. In this system these points make for a higher quality performance.Another strength of the UN is that it doesn’t parlay the fault of lack of succor on a ny one country entirely but instead they focus on the positive and try and enlist help from other countries instead of bribing other countries, but allows for fault in all parts of the hierarchy in social concern. Both performers and how the UN addresses weakness in the input/output system should be under scrutiny, because the weakness must be dealt with in all parts of the hierarchy in order for the UN to be successful. ConclusionIt may be surmised that Bosnia, though perhaps unavoidable could have been handled in a better international capacity, as such the genocide that was endured could have been side stepped. In fact, the new initial facts that the UN should support itself in political and international quarry as stated above should, chiefly among the idea of working towards stronger and better human rights, include the cooperation of other countries in its venture. The purpose of such an organization is to ensure that something like the genocide in Bosnia is not repeated.Work Cited Cox, Marcus. The Right to Return Home: International Intervention and the Ethnic Cleansing In Bosnia and Herzegovina. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 599-631. July 1998. Gutman, Roy. A Witness to Genocide. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York. 1993. Lieber, Robert J. : The Eagle Adrift: American Foreign Policy at the End of the Century. Glenview, Ill. Scott, Foresman, 1998. Mingst, Karen A. Essential Readings in World Politics. New York, NY. WW Norton & Company, 2004.Mingst, Karen A. Essentials of International Relations. New York, NY. WW Norton & Company, 2004. Reiff, David. Slaughterhouse: Bosnia and the Failure of the West. Simon & Schuster. New York. 1995. Slack, Andrew and Roy R. Doyon. Population Dynamics and Susceptibility for Ethnic Conflict: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 139-161. March 2001. Walt, Stephen M. International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, Iss . 110. Pg. 29-45. Spring, 1998. www. simpol. org

How the Meiji Restoration Ended Shogunal Rule in Japan

How the Meiji Restoration Ended Shogunal Rule in Japan The Meiji Restoration was a political and social revolution in Japan from 1866 to 1869 that ended the power of the Tokugawa shogun and returned the Emperor to a central position in Japanese politics and culture. It is named for Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor, who served as the figurehead for the movement. Background to the Meiji Restoration When Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. steamed into Edo Bay (Tokyo Bay) in 1853 and demanded that Tokugawa Japan allow foreign powers access to trade, he unwittingly started a chain of events that led to Japans rise as a modern imperial power. Japans political elites realized that the U.S. and other countries were ahead in terms of military technology, and (quite rightly) felt threatened by western imperialism. After all, mighty Qing China had been brought to its knees by Britain fourteen years earlier in the First Opium War, and would soon lose the Second Opium War as well. Rather than suffer a similar fate, some of Japans elites sought to close the doors even tighter against foreign influence, but the more foresighted began to plan a modernization drive. They felt that it was important to have a strong Emperor at the center of Japans political organization to project Japanese power and fend off Western imperialism. The Satsuma/Choshu Alliance In 1866, the daimyo of two southern Japanese domains- Hisamitsu of Satsuma Domain and Kido Takayoshi of Choshu Domain- formed an alliance against the Tokugawa Shogunate that had ruled from Tokyo in the Emperors name since 1603. The Satsuma and Choshu leaders sought to overthrow the Tokugawa shogun and place the Emperor Komei into a position of real power. Through him, they felt that they could more effectively meet the foreign threat. However, Komei died in January 1867, and his teenaged son Mutsuhito ascended to the throne as the Meiji Emperor on Feb. 3, 1867. On Nov. 19, 1867, Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigned his post as the fifteenth Tokugawa shogun. His resignation officially transferred power to the young emperor, but the shogun wouldnt give up actual control of Japan so easily. When Meiji (coached by the Satsuma and Choshu lords) issued an imperial decree dissolving the house of Tokugawa, the shogun had no choice but to resort to arms. He sent his samurai army toward the imperial city of Kyoto, intending to capture or depose the emperor. The Boshin War On Jan. 27, 1868, Yoshinobus troops clashed with samurai from the Satsuma/Choshu alliance; the four-day long Battle of Toba-Fushimi ended in a serious defeat for the bakufu and touched off the Boshin War (literally, the Year of the Dragon War). The war lasted until May of 1869, but the emperors, troops with their more modern weaponry and tactics, had the upper hand from the start. Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrendered to Saigo Takamori of Satsuma and handed over Edo Castle on April 11, 1869. Some of the more committed samurai and daimyo fought on for another month from strongholds in the far north of the country, but it was clear that the Meiji Restoration was unstoppable. Radical Changes of the Meiji Era Once his power was secure, the Meiji Emperor (or more precisely, his advisors among the former daimyo and the oligarchs) set about refashioning Japan into a powerful modern nation. They: Abolished the four-tiered class structureEstablished a modern conscript army that used Western-style uniforms, weapons, and tactics in place of the samuraiOrdered universal elementary education for boys and girlsSet out to improve manufacturing in Japan, which had been based on textiles and other such goods, shifting instead to heavy machinery and weapons manufacturing. In 1889, the emperor issued the Meiji Constitution, which made Japan into a constitutional monarchy modeled on Prussia. Over the course of just a few decades, these changes took Japan from being a semi-isolated island nation threatened by foreign imperialism, to being an imperial power in its own right. Japan seized control of Korea, defeated Qing China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 to 95, and shocked the world by defeating the Tsars navy and army in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 to 05. Blending Ancient and Modern to Build Anew The Meiji Restoration is sometimes characterized as a coup detat or revolution ending the shogunal system for modern Western governmental and military methods. Historian Mark Ravina has suggested that the leaders who created the events of 1866–69 did not do so only to emulate Western practices but also to restore and revive older Japanese institutions. Rather than a clash between modern and traditional methods, or between Western and Japanese practices, says Ravina, it was the result of a struggle to bridge those dichotomies and create new institutions that could evoke both Japanese uniqueness and Western progress.   And it didnt happen in a vacuum. At the time a global political transformation was underway, involving the rise of nationalism and nation-states. The long-established multi-ethnic empires- Ottoman, Qinq, Romanov, and Hapsburg- were all deteriorating, to be replaced by nation states who asserted a specific cultural entity. A Japanese nation-state was seen as vital as a defense against foreign predation. Although the Meiji Restoration caused a lot of trauma and social dislocation in Japan, it also enabled the country to join the ranks of world powers in the early 20th century. Japan would go on to ever greater power in East Asia until the tides turned against it in World War II. Today, however, Japan remains the third largest economy in the world, and a leader in innovation and technology- thanks in large part to the reforms of the Meiji Restoration. Resources and Further Reading Beasley, W.G. The Meiji Restoration. Stanford University, 2019.Craig, Albert M. Choshu in the Meiji Restoration. Lexington, 2000.Ravina, Mark. To Stand With the Nations of the World: Japans Meiji Restoration in World History. Oxford University, 2017.Wilson, George M. â€Å"Plots and Motives in Japans Meiji Restoration.† Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1983, pp. 407-427.

Free Essays on Like Mother, Like Daughter

Like mother, like daughter When I was a little girl, my mother said I never liked to leave her side. Whenever she tried to leave, I held on to her leg and would not let go. People would comment that I looked just like her, which I took as a compliment. I admire my mom and I think she is a great role model. As the years go by, I see myself following my mother’s footsteps with what she did in life. From the interests and activities she did, to what she persued as a career, I am going to be like her. One afternoon I met with my cousin, Jhawn, and I asked him to describe me. First thing he mentioned was that I have my mother’s features. He said that my mother and I have the same smile and he once mistook me for my mom when I laughed. Our other family members said that my upper face shows a resemblence to my mom because we have the same eyes. My mom said that I have the body shape she had, for example, she was built with wider hips which I got from her. When my mom was younger, she was thin and active in sports just like I used to be. One day my mom and I went to the fabric store, picked out a few materials, and made a unique curtain for the living room. We often do little projects together like decorating the rooms or creating our own Christmas decorations. When it came to style, my cousin said I was about seven years old when I showed an interest in fashion by wearing her coat and shoes. Now that I am older, my mom and I have the same taste in clothes and often share purses. Sometimes when we go shopping together, my mom chooses my clothes because she has good taste. My mom and I both like to shop for my father and brother because they do not have the taste in style like us. Traveling is an activity I love to do. You can say that I got this from my mom also because when my brother and I were younger, our parents traveled a lot bringing us to different places. My most memorable traveling experience was going to the Philippines... Free Essays on Like Mother, Like Daughter Free Essays on Like Mother, Like Daughter Like mother, like daughter When I was a little girl, my mother said I never liked to leave her side. Whenever she tried to leave, I held on to her leg and would not let go. People would comment that I looked just like her, which I took as a compliment. I admire my mom and I think she is a great role model. As the years go by, I see myself following my mother’s footsteps with what she did in life. From the interests and activities she did, to what she persued as a career, I am going to be like her. One afternoon I met with my cousin, Jhawn, and I asked him to describe me. First thing he mentioned was that I have my mother’s features. He said that my mother and I have the same smile and he once mistook me for my mom when I laughed. Our other family members said that my upper face shows a resemblence to my mom because we have the same eyes. My mom said that I have the body shape she had, for example, she was built with wider hips which I got from her. When my mom was younger, she was thin and active in sports just like I used to be. One day my mom and I went to the fabric store, picked out a few materials, and made a unique curtain for the living room. We often do little projects together like decorating the rooms or creating our own Christmas decorations. When it came to style, my cousin said I was about seven years old when I showed an interest in fashion by wearing her coat and shoes. Now that I am older, my mom and I have the same taste in clothes and often share purses. Sometimes when we go shopping together, my mom chooses my clothes because she has good taste. My mom and I both like to shop for my father and brother because they do not have the taste in style like us. Traveling is an activity I love to do. You can say that I got this from my mom also because when my brother and I were younger, our parents traveled a lot bringing us to different places. My most memorable traveling experience was going to the Philippines...

All The Saints Into A Short Film

overall length of the short film affects its structure, characterisation, plot and especially story. ‘The longer a short film lasts, the more the audience wants it to be a story. They want it to mean something.’ (Cowgill (2005 :9)). This means that shorter films, up to 5 minutes, are usually a comedy sketch with a punch line, such as in Knob, or a horror with a twist, like Selfie From Hell. The reveal or surprising ending seems to be common in the under 5 minute short, as the film has little time to†¦ All Saints day or Dia de los Santos is celebrated throughout the world and sometimes referred to in North America as the Day of the Dead or Dia de los Muertos. All Saints Day is a Catholic celebration on November 1st that celebrates all saints that have gone to heaven, and is followed by Souls day on November 2nd that celebrates all who has died (Catholic 2015). However, everyone throughout the world celebrates Saints Day and Souls Day differently with their own unique traditions. For instance,†¦ Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film† Joyce Carol Oates is an esteemed short story author with over forty novels, many of which have gone on to become films. Smooth Talk, one of such movies is based off of Oates’s short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† â€Å"Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film† is an essay response by Joyce Carol Oates to her short story and its movie counterpart in her book, (Woman) Writer: Occasions and Opportunities. The essay was published along†¦ The Hero’s Journey in Film: The Boondock Saints The idea of a clear and precise pattern that nearly all heroes follow is not something new. In fact, one of the most famous examples of a hero cycle is the one created by Joseph Campbell. In his world-renowned book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Campbell sets up and explains how every hero follows the same basic path until he/she winds up back at the beginning and another cycle begins. â€Å"The mythical hero†¦is lured†¦to the threshold of adventure†¦journeys†¦ Animation films have a way of expanding one’s imagination in a way that ordinary films do not. The ability of the animated movies to make us understand and make a connection with a non-existent world is fascinating. Most animated films are created in imaginary environments, and the characters are created, creatures. This factor explains why some of the characters including animals are given human voices. Walt Disney Pictures produces movies that are meant to be enjoyed not only by children and teens†¦ Arguments can be expressed through verbal language, writing compositions, and visual designs. Director Jacob Kornbluth’s film Inequality for All is a visual argument, which allows for a stronger persuasive effect than by just using words alone. The film successfully advocates former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich’s economic idealisms and concerns. Due to the combination of video clips, pictures, and text, Reich is able to effectively communicate the argument that the gap in income inequality is†¦ No Justice for the Short-film Judgment Was Minnie Foster going to quilt it or knot it? When this question arose in the short story A Jury of Her Peers, two women were slowly piecing together Minnie Foster’s murder mystery, and when the dominant male characters overhear the women’s conversation, they merely scoffed and couldn’t seem to understand why the women were worried about ‘trivial things’. Little did they know, it was the ‘trivial things’ that gave clues to figuring out the motive for the†¦ â€Å"So that 's all. You come here, you look and leave?† Her voice was low and trembling, begging him to face her, but he just kept walking forward, â€Å"two years of my life and you just walk away! Face me, Caryll! Say something!† Her voice was a loud scream as she couldn 't contain herself anymore. Tears poured down her face as she turned from the view of the sunset to Caryll, her voice cracked and the tears glistened in the light as she struggled to catch her breath. Both her hands clenched the pendant†¦ Romantic love in Casablanca The film Casablanca is noted to be one of the most romantic films of all time. It inspires many and is held near and dear to our hearts. Casablanca continues to hold that place in history today. The art of romance is hidden amongst the film and shows us what a true classic love story is all about. The film Casablanca was released on November 26th, 1942 in the United States. It set a new benchmark for what we consider to be romance in film making. The romance in Casablanca†¦ The work that I want to propose is a short film. The film takes place in the future. The main character creates a doppelganger of himself by authorise and connect the robot to his cellphone. Through download and search the data that were stored in the digital device or been uploaded to the cloud, the doppelganger is able to conjecture and simulate how the main character communicate and react to others. Then the main character began to rely on the doppelganger and eventually been replaced by it.†¦

Department of Maritime and Logistics Management-Voyage Planning Essay

Department of Maritime and Logistics Management-Voyage Planning Assignment - Essay Example It is not specified whether or not the ship will be able to carry a cargo on its way to either Manila or Shanghai in order to take either of the two jobs available. Conventional logic dictates that whenever a ship makes an oceanic voyage, it is more efficient for the ship to contain a cargo rather than simply travel empty. If at all possible, any cargo vessel should attempt to carry cargo of some sort even if its ultimate objective is to arrive at a different port city to undertake a more valuable cargo. Without knowledge of whether or not the vessel can undertake a cargo on its way to either of the major ports, then this analysis will presume that there is no cargo known it to be available for this ship when it arrives in Hong Kong. Therefore, if a situation arises where the cargo vessel must travel empty then the links of an empty voyage should be minimized. Therefore, it is more logical in this instance to travel from Hong Kong to Manilla due to the simple fact that the distance t he ship will have to travel without a cargo will be minimized, as opposed to a trip from Hong Kong to Shanghai, a greater overall distance in nautical miles. Moreover, a shorter journey would enable the ship to undertake the paying job faster. What this analysis must determine is whether or not the expense and profit potential of option one would outweigh the benefits of option two in the long run. If there is a potential for greater profit at the end of the final voyage, it must be great enough to outweigh the potential for lost time and the expense of traveling to either destination without cargo. The amount of the respective cargoes the ship can hold must also be considered based upon the available price. For steel, each unit will be packaged as .91 m? per tonne as opposed to 1.20 for the timber. So for the same amount of weight, a greater volume of steel can be loaded onto the ship. In addition to the weight over volume difference between the two commodities, the price for steel is also higher. By calculating cubic meters, it has been found that the same weight of steel will take up just slightly more than three fourths the volume of the same weight in timber. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to make determinations concerning the most useful cargo carrying strategy for the ship in question. Additional information that would aid in this determination is whether or not the Nunki is specialized for one cargo or the other. All ships have weight and volume limitations, the ship specialized for a particular cargo but loaded up with a different commodity with an unusual stowage factor may find itself in the situation of being unable to fully utilize its entire volume by carrying the cargo in question. The same weight in steel represents just over 75% of the same volume in timber, and this must be factored into price calculations. With the net tonnage of 18,800, we must still subtract from that 400 tons of dead weight (including freshwater and constants) leaving 18,400 tonnes remaining. Under ideal conditions, and traveling an identical distance it would be more logical to carry the steel cargo, unless specialized factors in ship construction would further reduce the available volume if steel were not the originally intended cargo of the vessel. But in this case, the different destinations will represent differences in the time and route of the two possible voyages. Calculations: Net Tonnage 18,800 0.91 / 1.2 = 0.75 Steel 24.50 per

Theory of why the United Nations Votes get Certain Results Essay

Theory of why the United Nations Votes get Certain Results - Essay Example The Arab and Islamic nations form a large portion of the United Nations (UN) member states. Most anti democratic and dictatorial countries, including those desperately in need of the Arabs’ oil and business opportunities with them, will most likely support their stand against the United States. Some European countries that are fearful of disgruntlement among the growing Muslim and Arab population are also likely to vote against the United States. The resolutions with the greatest potential to draw votes against the United States including those touching on Israel, Cuba, and Palestine. The UNGA approved the resolution that demanded the US to end its trade and economic blockade of Cuba by a great majority. 183 out of the 195 member states voted towards ending the blockade (Schaefer & Kim 1). Before the resolution was finally approved, it had previously been passed at the UNGA for 17 consecutive years. Failure to approve such a resolution targeted at the US for so long attracted negative votes against it. Countries that voted against the US claim that the US fails to recognize the sovereign qualities of countries, and not honoring the countries’ right to non-interference and non-intervention into their international trade or internal affairs. Cuba’s Foreign Minister pointed out that the resolution had to be approved as it was in a situation where an economic crisis was being felt worldwide. The 46 year old blockade, he added, had intensified suffering by Cubans and made worse by numerous hurricanes striking the island nation. Cuba had on many occasions declined to accept help from the US during the hurricanes. Countries that voted in support of Cuba claimed that the US always responded to the matter with its customary hypocrisy and sarcasm. They blamed the then Bush administration for constantly deceiving the international community. The Cuban Foreign Minister received support from many countries when he asserted that if the US government trul y cared about the well being of the people of Cuba, and other countries in the wider perspective, they would immediately end the blockade. It was their only ethical and moral way of redeeming their name from the evils of the blockade that was in violation of fundamental regulations of the UN Charter and international law. More member countries were against the move by the US that implemented new and enhanced economic sanctions over Cuba. They were unhappy with the enthusiastic hunting of the international economic transactions of Cuba by the US, which went to the extent of blocking internet sites associated to such transactions. By increasing its material and financial support towards actions aimed at overthrowing the constitutional leadership of Cuba, the US further aggravated nations that usually vote against its initiatives. Many member states explained their decision to support Cuba. The South African delegate acknowledged Cuba’s efforts in promoting education, health and biotechnology around the world. Cuba had also assisted developing countries to overcome their shortages in skills through bilateral

Integrated Communication Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Integrated Communication Marketing - Assignment Example The shareholders face a reduction in business growth, owing to the negative publicity of the company, which, reduces their profits. The management also suffers from the bad reputation as they report significant loss of business to competitors. Employees, on the other hand face the association of an immoral organization, which does not contribute positively to their self-esteem. External stakeholders include customers, the local community, as well as competitors (Strydom, 2005). The publicity of the company affects customers negatively, thus denying them an opportunity to dine at a restaurant they had previously enjoyed. The local community suffers from the immoral show that focuses on Olive Garden, which does not promote family values. Competitors enjoy the increased flow of clients to their organization as they move from Olive Garden. For casual observers of media, the â€Å"Sexiest Girls of Olive Garden† would appear as a sponsorship by the Olive Garden Company. This follows the idea that most programs search for organizations that can sponsor them, and then include their names in the event or program as a way of promoting their business to the audience. This event can be seen as one that had damage control programs in order. The overlap between the individuals who dined at the restaurant, and the people who watched the girls’ next-door show presented an effective control mechanism (Clow, & Baack, 2013). The group that dined at the restaurant consisted of more women than men. In relation to this, more women than men watched the show, thus allowing Olive Garden a perfect opportunity to gain greater publicity from the show. I disagree with this proposition as the show associated with Olive Garden was a complete opposite of the values that a family would support. Taking photos of nude people does not in any way depict the values a family should promote, hence does not attract positive publicity for the organization. If you were the public

The Quest For Wisdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Quest For Wisdom - Essay Example For Pieper, the manner of Liesure contemplation is escorted and saturated by an unforced consciousness for religion, the thoughtful dream of the intellectus, which is not lively but inert, or somewhat amenable, the commotion of the spirit in which it envisages that which it sees freedom. Both the ancients considered intellectus as being previously beyond the globe selected to man. And however it belonged to man, although in one intellect superhuman; the simply human by itself could not satisfy man's powers of understanding, for man, of his very temperament, reaches out beyond the globe of the human. For Plato the finest in him is, even though the understanding which is mainly attribute of the human spirit happens in the form of fraction, never the less there is in it a type of contribution in the uncomplicated knowledge which is appropriate to superior beings, of whom it is consequently said that they hold the sense of religious visualization. But for Pieper, the aptitude to detain t he religious conscience in the similar way that our eye captures illumination or our ear sound. And is the noblest form of human existence. But awareness in philosophy is focussed upon the entire of being and begins with a scholarly instinct of being, as such rooted in the wisdom of touch; this is what is identical on both the authors. Plat

Tony deep-success of an entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tony deep-success of an entrepreneur - Essay Example Deep has found the potential for food products being the basic need having constant demand. He sensed the opportunity and tried to cash on it. The option for selling eggs has worked out for him and he has succeeded in running the business. Deep was personally involved in selling and he has made up a clear idea of the potential of the business and gave an equally good response. Success of a business venture always depends on looking for new business avenues; really understand the problem and the market around it22. Tony deep with his strong zeal to earn money has proveked him to look for the best and innovative options. He first ventured into selling eggs and sustained then started looking into other possible options. Tony deep has started looking into new products which are ethnic and unique33. He with his strategies tried to make available the fresh products. For marketing and preserving these products he needs to know the right preservation techniques. He with his experience in canning has give an innovative idea up an idea for establishing warehouses store for food items and spices and selling them. He idea was to establish warehouses to store the products and market them around the region near the warehouse. Tony Deep has taken his brothers help in developing the business. He has opened several of them and tried selling products in and around the region. Chapter-02: Mission statement-vision To explore and create opportunities for better living can be termed as a mission statement. To provide fresh and safety ethnic food for the people by better reach. He build the dreams that he elevated as his mission as he allowed his family members to team up with him and build a strong source of organizing system. He never giving up and striving to excel made him to reach his goal i.e his dream t o earn and mark his identity. Tony has picked one mode to earn quick money by direct selling eggs. He himself has been in the market which made to know the best selling products and availability44. Tony deep has released that the products which he was planning to sell needs quick disposal, fresh to make the customer buy from him. Deep has concentrated on the south Asian population from where he has descended. He has created good knowledge of the basic requirements of Indian cuisine55 and availability in U.K. Thus he picked an area where he can explore. Indian has rice as their staple food like to eat spicy recipes. So Tony deep in order to gain from this lifestyle of ethnic Indians groups he started selling spices, basmati rice which is quite famous among Indians. He used to store them with all right technical bases to sell. Tony has established his business at important specific locations making available at the customers convenience. He has chosen the products which require good preservation techniques to keep the goodness of the products. He has adopted a new way to serve better by opening up ware houses. He has introduced new products which are rare for the British like the spices, basmati rice. These spices are to be bought from India or from other country. Before selling to the customer he needs to store in an appropriate place. He has build the

Philip Island Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philip Island - Essay Example Enroute to the Philip Island the Cranbourne, Richmond, Tooradin and San Remo cities were also superficially studied to examine the impact of urbanization as well as tourism on these cities. I. Cranbourne: Melbourne, on its south east seemed to be rapidly expanding into the agricultural estates of Cranbourne. The transition of agricultural lands to residential plots as an answer to the growing needs of people daily commuting to city was clearly evident. The houses were usually single storeyed made up of bricks and tiles of medium blocks separated from each other. It provided space for business like news agencies, bakery and hardware stores. However agricultural practice and agricultural products were still evident. III. Tooradin: Tooradin is a rural area with rich darker clay sand where agriculture is the main occupation. But recent trend is that it supports tourism for holiday lovers who wish to spend quiet holidays and enjoy fishing. IV. San Remo: San Remo a former fishing village is well connected to Philip Island through the bridge. San Remo provides a better lodging and boarding facility at reasonable prices with excellent beach activities like fishing for tourists who visit Philip Island. The impacts from inappropriate changes due to urbanization such as conversion of agricultural land for residential purpose, deforestation, soil erosion, over population, transportation and other related problems could be resolved by implementing proper land use planning, construction practice, engineering, architecture, and design processes. Attractions in Philip Island V. Cape Woolamai Faunal Park: Cape Woolamai is the home to the short-tailed shearwaters on Philip Island. The sand dunes reveal the perfect interaction between the lithosphere-the sand and rock, the atmosphere-the wind, and the biosphere components- marram grass and the spinifers. The vegetation is completely covered by the dunes due to winds. Sand for the beach of Woolamai mainly comes from the erosion of cliff coast present towards the east of coast of cape Woolamai. Attempts are being such as car not allowed on sand dunes, making exclusive car parking facility, people not allowed to walk on vegetation, regulations to impose fines if violated etc., are made to prevent erosion of sand dunes which formed due to long shore drifts. VI. Cowes: Cowes is the principal township of Philip Island lying on the northern side facing French Island and Western Port Bay. The Cowes have safe beaches with fine sand caused by the deposition of waves. Waves are small and not too wild providing a safe zone for beach swimming and boating. Piers have been constructed on the shores. The waves are harsher near the rocks, eroding them. VII. The Nobbies: The Nobbies are at the western most end of the Philip Island. It is a strong volcanic rock which is more resistant to erosion. It is a popular tourist destination with a blowhole, a spectacular sea cave that thunders during big southern swells. The Nobbies boardwalk

Tony deep-success of an entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tony deep-success of an entrepreneur - Essay Example Deep has found the potential for food products being the basic need having constant demand. He sensed the opportunity and tried to cash on it. The option for selling eggs has worked out for him and he has succeeded in running the business. Deep was personally involved in selling and he has made up a clear idea of the potential of the business and gave an equally good response. Success of a business venture always depends on looking for new business avenues; really understand the problem and the market around it22. Tony deep with his strong zeal to earn money has proveked him to look for the best and innovative options. He first ventured into selling eggs and sustained then started looking into other possible options. Tony deep has started looking into new products which are ethnic and unique33. He with his strategies tried to make available the fresh products. For marketing and preserving these products he needs to know the right preservation techniques. He with his experience in canning has give an innovative idea up an idea for establishing warehouses store for food items and spices and selling them. He idea was to establish warehouses to store the products and market them around the region near the warehouse. Tony Deep has taken his brothers help in developing the business. He has opened several of them and tried selling products in and around the region. Chapter-02: Mission statement-vision To explore and create opportunities for better living can be termed as a mission statement. To provide fresh and safety ethnic food for the people by better reach. He build the dreams that he elevated as his mission as he allowed his family members to team up with him and build a strong source of organizing system. He never giving up and striving to excel made him to reach his goal i.e his dream t o earn and mark his identity. Tony has picked one mode to earn quick money by direct selling eggs. He himself has been in the market which made to know the best selling products and availability44. Tony deep has released that the products which he was planning to sell needs quick disposal, fresh to make the customer buy from him. Deep has concentrated on the south Asian population from where he has descended. He has created good knowledge of the basic requirements of Indian cuisine55 and availability in U.K. Thus he picked an area where he can explore. Indian has rice as their staple food like to eat spicy recipes. So Tony deep in order to gain from this lifestyle of ethnic Indians groups he started selling spices, basmati rice which is quite famous among Indians. He used to store them with all right technical bases to sell. Tony has established his business at important specific locations making available at the customers convenience. He has chosen the products which require good preservation techniques to keep the goodness of the products. He has adopted a new way to serve better by opening up ware houses. He has introduced new products which are rare for the British like the spices, basmati rice. These spices are to be bought from India or from other country. Before selling to the customer he needs to store in an appropriate place. He has build the

Marketing Orientation Essay Example for Free

Marketing Orientation Essay There have been many studies of the term ‘marketing orientation’, and its presence within organisations. Marketing orientation is an approach that companies take which centres its activities towards achieving customer satisfaction through effective marketing. It is where customers form the basis of an organisations performance and overall success. In order to achieve successful marketing orientation, a company must organise an effective structure through planning its activities, products and services successfully. This will help the company on focusing its aims and objectives on the needs and requirements of its customers, in order to establish a relationship that will increase performance and success. ‘Market orientation is the organisation wide development of market intelligence pertaining to customer needs. ’ (Kohli and Jaworski, 1990. p12) Two approaches to marketing Orientation have been suggested by Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999), focusing on the practices and culture that the company adopts. It has been interpreted by Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999) that marketing orientation is either ‘a company attitude or company behaviour. This is whether a company is customer orientated or focuses on a competitive advantage through marketing orientation. Other authors have similiar thoughts upon these approaches to marketing orientation. Drucker (1954) believes that customers perceive marketing as an ‘activity involving the entire organisation’, rather than being a specific company process. The author’s view coincides with the work of Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999), as he focuses on the attitude organisations have in satisfying customer needs. The oth er side to this approach is the significance of a company’s culture towards marketing orientated activities. Felton (1959) states; ‘It is the attitudes and beliefs of a workforce that control the level of orientated activities a company strives to achieve,’ implying the focus is on themselves competing rather than putting the customer first. Trout and Ries (1985) perceive marketing orientation as an effort by companies to increase competitor advantage, rather than satisfy customer needs. Therefore the company’s culture is focusing its strategy on competitor orientation in order to achieve success. An organisations performance is a very important aspect of successful marketing orientation. Narver and Slater (1990) state that marketing orientation is based on 3 performance measures, which include ‘customer and competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination. ’ Introducing effective performance measures can have positive influences on companies, as it helps the company’s culture set aims and objectives for a successful approach to marketing orientation. Jobber (2007) also describes the importance of these measures, stating; ‘A marketing concept culture that manifests in corporate activities to create superior value for customers. However, specific marketing activities relating to the behaviour of a company have ‘emphasis on managerial control rather than the natural culture of the organisation’ (Ellis, 2004), which relates to the work of Trout and Ries (1985) and their beliefs of company’s influencing the importance of competitor orientation over the satisfaction of their customers. Sharp (1991) argues the approach to marketing orientation as described by Drucker (1954), saying that it’s more than just about customer focus; Market orientation has a principle element of focusing on available markets and customer needs. Sharp criticises this view of orientation, as costs of maintaining customer focus will incur in unstable markets, affecting a companies orientation plan. In order to balance this procedure, a company needs equal focus in its approach to marketing orientation, which will help achieve success and efficiency. The link between organisational strategic thinking (Sharp, 1991) and managerial control (Ellis, 2004) helps towards a successful company through competitor orientation. Ellis states that effective performances increase through analysing competitor actions, in order to create a competitor advantage. However, company’s still need to be responsive to customer needs due to volatile markets. Overall increases of a company’s orientation, resulting from effective customer satisfaction, will then lead to greater performances (Kohli and Jaworski, 1990). The relationship between performance and marketing orientation is analysed negatively to strategic marketing. Sin (2005) considers the ‘external environmental aspects’ of marketing orientation, emphasising the importance of linking performance and marketing orientation in order to meet the needs of customers. Sin believes that if companies developed their approaches towards linking these two factors, a more in depth examination of customers needs could be undertaken, which would lead to higher performances within the company. Sin agrees with Sharp’s views, by describing the inclusion of customer needs as well as company aims and objectives. A strategic way of thinking is described by Sharp, where marketing orientation is described as being the most relevant, as it focuses on company, and not just market characteristics. The analyses of various journal articles relating to marketing orientation has led me to understand the different issues relating to marketing orientation. I agree with Kohli and Jaworski (1990) that a company should balance its orientation between customer focus and its aims and objectives, for effective performances. The authors were very clear and focused on what strategies were effective in approaching marketing orientation. I felt that this analysis helped me understand the best method of adopting marketing orientation and how to effectively respond to customer demands, as well as creating a competitive advantage. Limitations to the analysis were discussions from Felton (1959) and Trout and Ries (1995). The views of these authors concentrated on companies who adopted marketing orientation to create a competitive advantage as its main priority. The context of this article focused totally on businesses success and shadowed the importance of customer orientation, something which I feel is crucial for overall success.

Using Ventricular Assist Devices Policies and Procedures

Using Ventricular Assist Devices Policies and Procedures Section 1 – USING VADs II-1 Policy (Section 1) – A. Excepting emergencies, newly placed external or implanted vascular access devices, placement must be confirmed by x-ray prior to infusing any medications or solutions. Note: lines inserted into the femoral vein do not require chest x-ray. B. Administration sets connected to a VAD must be cleaned and prepped using alcohol anywhere along the administration set where entry is made, using a friction scrub for 15 seconds. If the patient displays symptoms of infection: (i.e. febrile, chilling, or has drainage from the VAD exit site), blood and/or site cultures need to be obtained. A physician order is required. C. Emergency care of the VAD includes all of the following: 1. Notify the physician immediately to obtain order(s) if a VAD is cracked, leaking, or has a hole. Clamp the VAD between the site of the defect and the exit site. Clamping must be done atraumatically either with a plastic clamp or with a metal clamp padded with gauze. 2. If the VAD Dacron cuff protrudes from the exit site, secure the VAD with tape and notify the physician. 3. If symptoms of VAD infiltration occur (i.e. edema of the neck, chest, back or abdomen, or shortness of breath), stop the infusion and call the physician immediately. D. For patients who are being treated with antibiotics for sepsis or r/o sepsis, antibiotics ought to be rotated to each lumen of a multi-lumen VAD at least every 24 hours, if possible, i.e. it is optimal to rotate each antibiotic dose, or minimally every 24 hours, until blood cultures are negative for 72 hours. (See Reference Below to II-1-D) E. All central venous access devices which are Present on Admission (POA) or inserted with the intent of the patient being discharged with the device, e.g., hemodialysis, chemotherapy, long term antibiotic therapy, etc. do not require daily validation of medical necessity, but should be inspected for signs and symptoms of infection. All other Central venous devices shall be evaluated for medical necessity on a daily basis. Section 2 – OBTAINING SPECIMENS FROM VADs II – 2 POLICY – (Section 2) – Medical Center A. Aseptic technique is to be used when obtaining laboratory specimens from any type of Vascular Access Devices (VAD). B. Drawing blood from a VAD is performed only by a licensed healthcare professional within their scope of practice using needle-free devices when obtaining or transferring specimens. C. Specimens must be labeled in the presence of the patient and must include patient name, medical record number, date of birth, visit number (for Medical Center only), and date and time of specimen collection. Write the first initial and last name of the person who collected the specimen on the label. Vascular Access Device (VAD), External and Implanted, Catheter Care Page 3 of 17 D. Labs requiring a blue top anticoagulant tube (such as PT/PTT/INR or other clotting studies) should be drawn peripherally. In those instances in which these studies must be drawn through the VAD, this specimen should be the last specimen drawn. E. Syringes less than 10 ml are not to be used when flushing a VAD in order to avoid causing excessive pressure or fracture to the VAD. F. When drawing from a child less than two years of age, a stopcock is used to maintain a closed system and the discard blood is returned to the child within 60 seconds. G. To prevent over-heparinizing a pediatric patient, no more than 50units/kg should be given within a four-hour interval. If flushing does exceed this amount, an MD order should be obtained and individualized for that patient. H. For multi-lumen VADs: When drawing labs from one lumen, clamp other lumen(s) for duration of the blood draw, even if other lumen(s) is heparin locked. This prevents blood from possibly being introduced into second lumen when heparin locked. It also prevents possible contamination of lab specimen if fluid is infusing in second lumen. I. Heparin for routine VAD flushes requires an order in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The dosing and frequency guidelines are found on Attachment C of this policy. II-4 POLICY – (Section 4) – A. An RN who has demonstrated competency in this procedure may perform needle insertion, site care, and needle removal of an implanted Vascular Access Device. B. The surgeon will access the port in the operating room on newly placed ports. C. Sterile technique must be utilized when accessing the implanted VAD. D. Only a 90-degree safety non-coring needle is used to access implanted VADs. Needles are changed every seven days. The recommended non-coring needle sizes for both adult and pediatric patients is 19-22 gauge, 3/4 – 1†. Blood or more viscous solutions require a lower gauge needle. Needle length is dependent upon the amount of subcutaneous tissue and depth of port. Do not access port if area is blistered or there are signs/symptoms of infection. E. Post-op dressings can be removed 24 hours post-op (unless ordered otherwise by physician). Steri-strips at insertion site should remain in place for 7-10 days. F. Implanted VAD site dressing changes are to be done once a week, with the needle change, or whenever it becomes loose, wet, or soiled. G. A heparin-locked non-coring needle may remain inserted for seven days for intermittent IV infusions. If a non-coring needle was placed and the patient does not require therapy, the needle must be removed by an RN prior to the patient being discharged home. H. Topical anesthetics may be used to help minimize the pain of needle insertion.

How the Oboe Works :: Expository Process Essays

How the Oboe Works      Ã‚  Ã‚   The oboe belongs to the group of instruments called the woodwinds.   However, it can be further classifies as all instruments can.   Instruments can be further classified by what vibrates to produce a sound.   In the case of the oboe it is air that vibrates and so it is classified as an aero phone, or enclosed or free masses of air.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are three essential parts to every instrument. 1-The essential vibrating substance.   2-The connected reflector, amplifier, or resonator.   3-Other sound altering devices.   In the oboe these parts are the reed, the resonator, and the multiple keys.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The original source of air comes from the oboist blowing air into the reed.   The oboe has a double reed.   When air is blown it goes over and under the reeds and causes them to vibrate.   When both of these reeds are vibrating they pinch together rapidly.   This consequently disturbs the stream of air that is passing between the reeds.   This disturbance causes air molecules to bunch up leaving an empty space behind them.   The bunch of molecules is called a condensation, and the somewhat empty space of thinned out molecules is called a rare fraction.   The condensation and rare fraction of the air molecules are characteristics of a longitudinal or sound wave.   This process happens very rapidly, and is obviously followed briefly by the next puff of air, making the wave continuous.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This wave passes through the resonator.   The resonator is an object that has a specific period of vibration.   The air passes through the resonator.   This creates a specifically ordered vibration, and a constant frequency.   That is why resonators are often used in instruments to reinforce the sound of a pitch.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This specifically vibrating air enters the length of the oboe.   The bore is the interior diameter of the oboe.   It has a conical shape in the case of the oboe.   The diameter at the top of the bore is smaller than the diameter at the bottom of the bore.   As well as being conical the bore is also very narrow in the oboe.   Therefore, when the air is in the bore it is at a higher pressure at the top than at the bottom, because the air passes from a smaller opening to a larger opening.

Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Miltons Object in

Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Milton's Object in Paradise Lost The widely known story of the Genesis account in the Bible of the creation and fall of humankind does not make for a very interesting story. Almost anyone familiar with Western tradition can provide at least this basic outline: God makes angels, the best angel wants to be God, the angel gets kicked out of Heaven into Hell, goes to the garden of Eden, persuades Eve to eat an apple, and down plunges humanity. So why, then, did Milton choose to use this particular piece of Biblical narrative, first, above his original intention of an Arthurian tale, and second, above any other account in the 66 books of the Old and New Testaments? Milton answers these questions both simply and enigmatically in the beginning of the poem: "What in me is dark/ Illumine, what is low raise and support;/ That to the heighth of this great Argument/ I may assert Eternal Providence/ And justify the ways of God to men" (Milton 47). The question that humanity begs an answer for, above all, is the reason for the rampant evil in the world. Many people over the last several centuries, and many Christians even, cannot reconcile the existence of unchecked evil alongside a loving, merciful God. Milton would heartily agree that characteristics of God can be found in any situation in the Bible (and so he did draw from these in other works), but within Milton's enlightened seventeenth-century society, the scientific process itself dictated that to discover the meaning of any process, one had to go back to the catalytic moment. In order to answer the most theologically difficult question this side of B.C., Milton had no choice but to go back to th e beginning and see, with what... ...adise Lost. ed. Thomas Kranidas. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969. 118-130. "Epic." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=119368>. Ferry, Anne. Milton's Epic Voice: The Narrator in Paradise Lost. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1963. "Milton, John." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115562>. Milton, John. Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. New York: Signet Classics, 1968. New American Standard Bible. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. https://www.biblegateway.com Ricks, Christopher. Introduction. Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. By John Milton. New York: Signet Classics, 1968. vii- xxx. Webber, Joan Malory. Milton and His Epic Tradition. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1979.

Pre-Tensioning in Civil Engineering

Introduction : The idea of pre tensioning has been around for centuries and has been applied to many forms, such as: wagon wheels, wooden barrels etc. In these cases heated metal is made to just fit an object. When the metal cools it contracts and induces prestress into the object thereby strengthening it. The idea of pretensioned concrete has been around since the late 19th century, but its use was limited by the quality of materials available at the time. It wasn’t until the 1920s that materials of a suitable quality were available in sufficient quantity to allow pretensioned concrete to be used with confidence. The pioneers of this field were Freyssinet, Magnel and Hoyer. Description: In pre-tensioned concrete tensile elements such as cables, ribbons, or rods are clamped under calculated tensile stress (Stage 1). Concrete is cast around these elements and allowed to cure( Stage 2). When fully hardened the clamps are released and the stress is transferred within the rigid concrete (stage 3). As long as a load is applied within the design limit, the concrete structural element will never be subjected to tensile stress of sufficient force to cause failure. Pre-tensioning can be used in pre-cast as well as in cast-in-place construction. Most of the pre-tensioning construction techniques are patented although the basic principle used in all of them is common and is well known. Hard drawn steel wires which are indented or crimped are preferred for pre-tensioned elements because of their superior bond characteristics. Small diameter wires of 2 to 5 mm are mostly used in the form of strands comprising two, three or seven wires. High Strength Concrete mix: Pre-stressed concrete requires concrete which has a high compressive strength, with comparatively higher tensile strength. Low shrinkage, minimum creep characteristics and a high value of Young’s modulus are generally deemed necessary for concrete used for prestressed members. Uses: Common uses include Railway Sleepers, Communications Poles, Pretensioned Precast â€Å" Hollowcore† slabs, Pretensioned Precast Double T units –for very long spans, Pretensioned precast inverted T beams – for short-span bridges, Pretensioned precast PSC piles, Pretensioned precast portal frames. Alternatives: The alternative to pre-tensioning is post-tensioning. In a post-tensioned beam, the tendons are stressed and each end is anchored to the concrete section after the concrete has been cast and has attained sufficient strength to safely withstand the prestressing force. In the posttensioning method, tendons are encased in a duct or sheath or coated with grease or a bituminous material before placing them in the formwork to prevent them from becoming bonded to concrete. Advantages: Prestressed concrete has the following advantages 1. Since the technique of prestressing eliminates cracking of concrete under all stage of loading, the entire section of the structure takes part in resisting the external load. In contrast to this, in reinforced concrete, only the portion of the concrete above neutral axis is effective. 2. Since the concrete does not crack, the possibility of steel to rust and of concrete to deteriorate is minimized. 3. Absence of cracks results in higher capacity of the structure to bear reversal of stresses, impact, vibration and shock. 4. In prestressed concrete beams, dead loads are practically neutralized. The reactions required are therefore much smaller than required in reinforced concrete. The reduced dead load weight of the structure results in savings in the cost of foundations. The neutralization of dead load is of importance in large bridges. 5. The use of curved tendons and the pre-compression of concrete helps to resist shea r. 6. The quantity of steel required for prestressing is about 1/3 of that required for reinforced concrete, although the steel for the former should have high tensile strength. 7. In prestressed concrete, precast blocks and elements can be assumed and used as one unit. This saves in the cost of shuttering and centering for large structures. 9. Prestressed concrete can be used with advantage in all those structures where tension develops, such as tie and suspender of a bow string girder, railway sleepers, electric poles, etc. 10. Prestressed concrete beams usually have low deflection.

Criminal Justice Professionals and society

There are many types of people that make up our society. For criminal justice practitioners these people can be broken up in to two groups the law abiding citizens and the criminals. The role of the criminal justice practitioner can at time be simple for example: when it comes to the law abiding citizen the role is to serve and protect. But when it comes to criminal the role of the criminal justice practitioner can become complex. In this paper I will attempt to explore the criminal justice professional’s role in fulfilling society as well as individual needs.There are three parts that make up criminal justice police, courts, and corrections. Each part consists of professionals that play a role in contributing to the reform of key social issues. Issues like cyber crimes, drugs, and school shootings. Each of these issues need criminal justice practitioners on all three levels to aide in some type of reform to make the individual (the victim) and society feel safe. On the web si te Interpol 100 years of international police cooperation cybercrimes are said to be â€Å"one of the fastest growing areas of crime.†This is where criminals are taking to their computers to commit crimes like â€Å"Attacks against computer data and systems, identity theft, the distribution of child sexual abuse images, internet auction fraud, the penetration of online financial services, as well as the deployment of viruses, Botnets, and various email scams such as phishing†.. So how does cybercrimes impact criminal justice practitioners, with technology constantly changing the need for more education in technology and cyber laws are needed if the practitioner is going to effectively find and stop the criminals, dole out punishment as well as seek retribution for the victims.On of the saddest social issue plaguing America has to be school shootings. There are many instances of school shooting throughout history but the one that stands out to me is the Columbine High S chool shootings where on April 20, 1999 seventeen year old Dylan Klebold and eighteen year old Eric Harris committed suicide after killing twelve students, one teacher and wounding twenty-one others.While most of the country sadly wondered how and where did they get the guns and ammunition the criminal justice practitioners were hard at work gathering evidence, securing the crime scene, tending to the survivors and what I think is the hardest part informing parents that they’re children had died. In this instance the criminal justice practitioners were the police department, deputies, and armed security working for the school. I would imagine that after working the crime scene that many of the officers grieved right along with the families.As I researched this part of my paper I could not find one article on how this impacted the police all I can say is that as a parent I can only imagine that some of them must have needed counseling. I can also imagine the law makers coming together to find a way to prevent this kind of shooting from happening again. I would rather not get into the whole gun control issue because frankly I don’t believe there is a law that could be passed that would prevent guns from getting into the wrong hand.The only thing gun laws would do, is make it hard for law abiding citizens to protect themselves. Another issue that criminal justice practitioners have to deal with is drugs. This problem is widespread to say the least because it not only affects the user. It is a known fact that when people use drug they will do whatever it takes to feed their habit even break the law. Drug abusers commit crimes like prostitution, robbery, breaking and entering and assault. Trying to make a person stop using drugs is like trying to stop the sun from rising.A drug addict has to want to stop until that time it is up to the police to take steps to keep society safe. During the Reagan era there was a zero tolerance policy for drug abusers. This kept police and corrections officers busy because the policy was so strict that arrest and incarceration rates increased at a rapid pace. That was during the late 80’s and the war on drugs is still moving full steam ahead. The role of the criminal justice professional in serving individual and societal needs

Holey Soles Essay

This case analysis will focus on the issues surround the lifestyle product company Holey Soles. Psychologist Ann Rosenberg founded the company in September 2002. She initially operated in her garage and backyard, until she recruited Joyce Groote (now current CEO of Holey Soles) and expanded the company into other parts of North America. Holey Soles focuses on creating innovative footwear made from their trademarked technology SmartCel and SoleTek, which is an injection-molded foam technology. As of July 2007, sales had grown at 300% in each of the last two years and the company was ranked number four in the 2006 Profit magazine ranking of Canada’s Emerging Growth Companies. However as they continue to operate, they find themselves getting pushed back by their number one competitor, Crocs. By mid-2007, Crocs sales were 33 times the sales of Holey Soles. Holey Soles has a revenue target of $40 million by 2009, and to achieve this target, they will need to focus on the issues surrounding their company and hindering its growth. We have decided that the core issue surround the company is how to reach the goal of $40 million. They need to address the possible alternatives of either expanding into other products besides footwear, implementing a more aggressive marketing strategy, changing their 2-year goals completely, or maintaining the status quo. These alternatives will depend on the assessment of the time frame, cost, and current and potential competition. Upon analyzing all situations and alternatives, we have decided that the best solution for Holey Soles would be to expand the company by creating other product lines made form their trademarked technology. Only through this method will they be able to generate enough revenue to meet their $40 million goal. Issues The issues surrounding Holey Soles include the inability to have a high market share due to dominance from Crocs, how to reach the goal of $40 million revenue, and deciding upon expansion. We think the core issue is how to reach the goal of $40 million. Decision Criteria 1.Time frame of implementation: They only have 2 years to make reach their intended goal of $40 million. Considering the high target number, 2 years is a very short time frame, and therefore is an important decision criterion. Sourcing from China to other parts of the world also takes a long time, so it factors in how much product can actually be made in the time frame given. 2.Cost of expansion: To reach a goal of $40 million, an expansion of the company would have to take place. This poses the problem of where capital is going to come from. 3.Current competition: Their number one competitor is Crocs. During the 2-year period to reach a goal of $40 million, Crocs will still be selling at the rate they have been, and may also be working towards goals of expansion. 4.Threat of potential competition: In the 2 year time frame given, what’s to say that new competitors will not enter the market? As the clog fad continues, more companies are producing similar products as Holey Soles . Even though most of them aside from Crocs have a poorer design with lower quality materials, the possibility of a company suddenly entering with a whole new technology is always possible. Alternatives & Assessments 1.Expand by increasing a more diverse range of products sold. By relying on selling the clogs alone, they will never be able to reach their goal of $40 million, nor be able to overtake Crocs since Crocs has taken so much more of the market share already. With their trademarked foam-injection technologies SmartCel and SoleTek, they should put those towards creating newer and more innovative lifestyle products aside from footwear. They already started with the beach bag, so it proves that it is possible to create other products. They already have an advantage due to their company being defined as products that are â€Å"lifestyle† centered, rather than simply a â€Å"footwear manufacturer†.